Eighteenth century depiction of Alfred the Great, the last and greatest Bretwald of Anglo Saxon Britain and the first true king over all Anglo Saxons. Source: Samuel Woodforde / Public Domain.

The Anglo Saxon Kings of England: The History of the Before (Part Four)

For centuries, after the Romans left, Britain was ruled by the seven kings of the Heptarchy. This was a time of rival realms and rival claimants, a time of petty kingdoms and tribute extracted at the point of a sword. This was a time where might made right, where the most powerful of the kings

Pytheas was not the first to hear of the frozen north, but he may well have been the first Greek to see it for himself. Source: Exekias / Public Domain.

The Voyage of Pytheas, the Arctic Explorer of Ancient Greece

Pytheas is not a familiar name, even to those familiar with the ancient world. But in this man we see a resolve, a determination to explore and to discover, which merits him a place among the greats. The world used to be a smaller one than it is now. For the civilizations of ancient Europe

The Saxons had to arrive in Britain from somewhere. Legend says they were led by Hengist and Horsa, but can this be proven? (Hans Dahl / Public Domain)

Hengist and Horsa: Arthurian Myth or Saxon Reality?

For most people, the history of England begins with the Norman Conquest in 1066. The line of kings is generally traced to William I, the first Norman king who invaded across the channel and defeated the Saxons under Harold Godwinson, as famously depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry. This is certainly a convenient way to do