The Heptarchy of Anglo Saxon England. The kings of Mercia are represented by the central shield with the red saltire cross. Source: John Speed / Public Domain.

The Anglo Saxon Kings of England: The History of the Before (Part Three)

For the six centuries between the end of Roman occupation and the Battle of Hastings in 1066, Britain was not a united kingdom. It was, instead, a mishmash of tribal domains, petty kings and infighting. Chief amongst these were the seven Anglo Saxon kingdoms of the Heptarchy. Five of them crowded round the south east

The Bronze Age Collapse: A Sudden, Violent Plunge into Darkness (Part Two)

The main problem in understanding the Bronze Age Collapse is that we don’t really know what happened. This may look like an oversimplification but it is not. It is, instead, the simple truth. Of the four great civilizations that faced disaster in this 12th century BC collapse: the Mycenaean Greeks, the Hittites, the Assyrians and

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